Effects of truncating or censoring the distributions of runups, markups, or
premiums on the distribution of the runup index (runup / premium). Also, the effects of truncation or censoring
on the average runup, the average premium, and the regression relation between the premium and the runup. Runup
is the cumulative abnormal return to the target's stock from day -42 to day -1 relative to the first bid.
Markup is the cumulative abnormal return to the target's stock from the day of the first bid through delisting or
126 trading days after the first bid, whichever comes first. White's (1980) heteroskedasticity-consistent
standard errors are used to calculate t-tests for whether the coefficient in the regression of premium on runup
equals one. The "main sample" includes 1,174 successful mergers and tender offers for exchange-listed target
firms, 1975-91. It excludes deals that took longer than one year to consummate and target firms whose equity
value is small (below $10 million) or whose pre-runup stock price is low (below $2 per share). |